Health Blog of Net catalogue

Symptoms: what patient describe to a doctor. And after examining a patient whatever doctor finds is called sign or medical symptom. For example, if a patient is suffering from typhoid, fever is the symptom, but after examining the patient, doctor finds high pulse rate, tender (pain on pressure) liver, and step ladder fever. Here fever is the symptom and others are signs. All this combinely called clinical symptom. Symptoms, signs, and clinical symptom are very important things in the treatment of patient. Especially in developing countries, because sometimes these signs and symptoms are the only clue available to the treating physician due to lack of infrastructure. Physician has to base his/her treatment on clinical symptoms only.

Headache is one of the commonest symptoms of brain tumor. Brain tumor symptoms depends on many things, like location of tumor in brain, whether tumor is benign or malignant, duration of tumor, how fast tumor is growing, size of the tumor, etc. there may be symptoms which can not be explained by any of the above. Other symptoms of brain tumor include vomiting, tremor, problem in vision, tachycardia (high pulse rate), paralysis of limbs, paresthesia, nausea, irritability, hyperreflexia etc. If size of the tumor is big it will press on to the neighboring areas and cause clinical depression symptoms depending on which area it is pressing. If tumor is growing as in malignant tumor symptoms develops and worsens very fast. In case of benign tumor symptoms develops very slowly. Location of tumor is very important, for example if it is located in area where vision centre is located, vision might be lost or disturbed. These are the common symptoms of brain tumor.

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid is a double helix structure (looks like twisted ladder). Human Genome Project (HGP) has done automatization of human DNA. Human DNA has been physically mapped by HGP.

DNA Tests are done basically for –

     To find out genetic defects of certain diseases. For example DNA screening is done in Jewish population for autosomal recessive neurodegenerative storage disease Tay-Sachs disease which has reduced the number of affected individuals.

       In legal system to confirm identification of dead body, to find out rapists, to find out biological parents in disputed cases, to determine culprit from samples which investigators collect from crime scene.

       In scientific research.

(DNA Testing is also called DNA fingerprinting, because probability of error with DNA testing is one in 30 billion, which means there will be practically no error at present because world population at present only little above 6 billion which is way below the accuracy figure of DNA testing.)

DNA Testing(Genotypic Analysis) is done by fragmenting of double helix structure of DNA & sequencing them in a particular sequence. DNA is the vehicle of transport of genetic material & information from parents to offspring’s in entire animal & plant kingdom except some RNA(ribonucleic acid) viruses where RNA is the vehicle of transport of genetic material. In other cases RNA cannot act as a vehicle of transport of genetic material.

The accuracy of dna tests has caused wide acceptance & application in the field of medicine & also in judiciary. Genetic engineering has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry which applies recombinant DNA technology for large scale production of drugs at a very cheaper rate.

DNA Testing requires very minute quantity of material for testing which is very important for crime investigation, because sometime the quantity of sample is very minute in quantity. A single cell or a single root of hair is sufficient for DNA testing. DNA testing can also be done in very old samples which require only few cells.

Prerequisites for success of dna testing screening in field of medicine includes the following : the disease should be potentially serious, that it can be influenced at a presymptomatic stage by changes in diet, behavior and/or by pharmaceutical manipulations, that the screening test does not result in any harm or discrimination.

DISADVANTAGES OF DNA TESTING

                It may cause discrimination, for example screening for Sickle cell trait/disease in African Americans has led to unanticipated problems of discrimination by health insurers & employers.

               Cost is very high & requires highly skilled manpower.

                Some diseases like Cystic fibrosis can be caused by few hundred different mutations, which become difficult to determine exact mutant gene.

DNA Testing should be used judiciously to take optimum benefit & it should be used more frequently in judicial / legal system to deliver speedy better judgment.

Emergency is not very common in dentistry. Though toothache is a common serious problem, it cannot be exactly called emergency. Toothache is second most painful condition along with labourpain. Appendicitis, has the distinction of being most severe painful condition among all disease states.

Emergency dentistry deals with dental emergencies. Some dental emergencies are:

= Fracture of lower jaw (mandible) which generally occurs in road traffic accidents ( RTA).

= Severe profuse uncontrolled bleeding from extracted tooth.

= Fracture of upper jaw (maxillary bone) which also generally occurs in RTA.

In present rapid socioeconomic change emergency dentistry is emerging rapidly. Common people are becoming aware of emergency dentistry. In all major big general hospitals dentists are also working in casualties along with medical personals.

Proper training should be given to dental surgeons during intern training and also on job training programmes should be provided to the dentists, so they can become good emergency dentist.

Orthodontists, a specialized branch of dentistry generally perform emergency surgeries of RTA. They are trained for doing the fixing of broken jaws both upper and lower jaws.

As prevention is better than cure, dentistry should also concentrate on preventive side more than curative aspect. Emergency will always be there so will be emergency dentistry, but preventive aspect should not be neglected as is done in many countries.

People with eye-sight problems have to wear lenses to correct the visual imbalance ( either short sightedness or far sightedness ) that exist on their eyes. The normal glasses has been there for centuries while the first contact contact lense product invested by famous the Czech chemist Otto Wichterle was fist approved by the Food of Drug Administration of USA only in 1971. Since then they have become a rage among people who wear glasses. Presently around 125 million people are said to be wearing contact lenses.

There are basically three types of contact lenses - viz. corrective, cosmetic and therapeutic. While corrective lenses are prescribed by the doctors to people with visual problems, cosmetic lenses are worn by trendy people to appear different. The therapeutic contact lenses are used to in the treatment and management of the eye with non-refractive disorders.

The reasons for this huge popularity of contact lenses are not that difficult to guess. These lenses are light, almost invisible when worn and very easy to use. One can easily replace them and remove them before sleeping.

Another reason is their availability in abundance. One can even buy them online. People can easily find discount contact lenses stores on the internet and buy them from home.

So if you are still wearing those ugly looking glasses, just contact your doctor, get configuration of your eyes and get them. Believe me, you will look better.

Clenbuterol is being hailed as the “New Wonder Wight Loss Drug”, but in fact, bodybuilders have known about Clenbuterol for years. Many bodybuilders, athletes and weight lifters use Clenbuterol, also known as Clen, to keep them in trip shape. Today, due to celebrities and stars using Clenbuterol to lose weight, the secret about Clenbuterol weight loss, is out! Now Clenbuterol has a nick name, other than Clen, it’s being called The Size Zero Pill, and people are trying to buy Clenbuterol as fast as they can, to assist them is losing weight.

Clenbuterol falls in the broad category of sympathomimetics, which are drugs that cause peripheral excitatory or inhibitory action on certain types of smooth muscles, metabolic actions of increasing rate of glycogenolysis in liver and muscle, and the release of fatty acids from the adipose tissues, among other effects. Clenbuterol is a selective sympathomimetic, affecting one of the three subsets of beta receptors. It stimulates the beta 2 receptors, thus proving to be an effective bronchodilator.

The other functions of Clenbuterol include stimulating the fat releasing capacity from the adipose tissues, and affect the rate of metabolism. This causes Clenbuterol to be classified as a Lypolitic, or a fat burning drug. This is very useful for athletes entering a competition, for the use as a pre contest drug. The effects of fat cell release from the adipose tissues make the drug very effective in overall fat loss, and build up of lean muscle mass in the body.

Many athletes and body builders find that the effects of fat burning and lean muscle mass gain is intensified if Clenbuterol is used with other stimulating agents, such as thyroid treatments like T3 Cytomel, T4 Synthroid or Cytomix, a mixture of T3 and T4.